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Comparative Chart of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023

Comparison: Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023 vs. Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) 1973

BNSS Sections CrPC Sections Subject Comparison
1 1 Short title, extent and commencement. The Act name i.e., Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita has been mentioned.
2 2 Definitions. Several new subsections, such as 2(1)(a), 2(1)(b), 2(1)(d), and 2(1)(e), have been added, while others, namely 2(f), 2(k), 2(q), and 2(t) of CrPC have been excluded.
2(1)(a) - "audio-video electronic means”. Newly added.
2(1)(b) - "bail" Newly added.
2(1)(c) 2(a)] "bailable offence". No change.
2(1)(d) - "bail bond". Newly added.
2(1)(e) - "bond". Newly added.
2(1)(f) 2(b) "charge". No change.
2(1)(g) 2(c) "cognizable offence". No change.
2(1)(h) 2(d) "complaint". No change except the word "Code" has been replaced with "Sanhita".
2(1)(i) - "electronic communication". Newly added.
2(1)(j) 2(e) "High Court". No change.
2(1)(k) 2(g) "inquiry". No change.
2(1)(l) 2(h) "investigation". The term "Code" has been replaced with "Sanhita". Explanation that in case of inconsistency provisions of a Special Act shall prevail.
2(1)(m) 2(i) "judicial proceeding". No change.
2(1)(n) 2(j) "local jurisdiction". No change.
2(1)(o) 2(l) "non-cognizable offence". No change.
2(1)(p) 2(m) "notification". No change.
2(1)(q) 2(n) "offence". No change.
2(1)(r) 2(o) "officer in charge of a police station". No change.
2(1)(s) 2(p) "place". No change.
2(1)(t) 2(r ) "police report". No change.
2(1)(u) 2(s) "police station". No change.
2(1)(v) 2(u) "Public Prosecutor". No change.
2(1)(w ) 2(v) "sub-division". No change.
2(1)(x) 2(w) "summons-case". No change.
2(1)(y) 2 (wa) "victim". The words "for which accused person has been charged and the expression victim” have been substituted by "of the accused person" etc.
2(1)(z) 2(x) "warrant-case". No change.
2(2) 2(y) Words and expressions used. Words and expressions that are utilized within the Sanhita but are not specifically defined here shall be interpreted in accordance with their respective definitions as provided in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and the Information Technology Act, 2000.
3 3 Construction of references. Sub-sections 3(1) and 3(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) have been excluded. Clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section 3(3) have been merged and rearranged, retaining the same meaning except for the exclusion of the phrase “or of the third class.” Additionally, clauses (c) and (d) of sub-section 3(3) of the CrPC have also been excluded in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNSS).
4 4 Trial of offences under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and other laws. No change.
5 5 Saving. No change.
6 6 Classes of Criminal Courts. Words "in any Metropolitan area, Metropolitan Magistrates" are excluded.
7 7 Territorial divisions. Proviso related to Metropolitan area, excluded.
8 9 Court of Session. The position of Assistant Sessions Judges has been excluded, and new subsections (7) and (8) have been added. Under the BNSS, the roles of Judicial Magistrate of the third class, Metropolitan Magistrate, and Assistant Sessions Judges have been abolished. Consequently, amendments have been made to various sections, including 8, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22, 29, 113, 196, 214, 320, 321, 415, 422, and 436 of the BNSS.
9 11 Courts of Judicial Magistrates. The words "not being a Metropolitan area" are excluded.
10 12 Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc. No Change
11 13 Special Judicial Magistrates. No Change
12 14 Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates. The words "Metropolitan area" and Chief Metropolitan Magistrate are excluded.
13 15 Subordination of Judicial Magistrates. No change.
14 20 Executive Magistrates. The words "in any Metropolitan area, Metropolitan Magistrates" are excluded.
15 21 Special Executive Magistrates. With the new addition, the State Government is authorized to appoint police officers of the rank of Superintendent of Police or equivalent as Special Executive Magistrates.
16 22 Local Jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates. No change.
17 23 Subordination of Executive Magistrates. The words "other than the additional District Magistrate" are excluded.
18 24 Public Prosecutors. New proviso is added to subsection (1).
19 25 Assistant Public Prosecutors. The timeline of fourteen days for notifying the state government regarding the appointment of an Assistant Public Prosecutor has been specified. The proviso has been rephrased, but its meaning remains unchanged.
20 25A Directorate of Prosecution. The new addition includes subsection (1)(b), which pertains to the establishment of the District Directorate of Prosecution. Subsections (8), (9), (10), and (11) have also been newly added.
21 26 Courts by which offences are triable. No change.
22 28 Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass. Sub Section 28(3) of CrPC is excluded.
23 29 Sentences which Magistrates may pass. The amount of fines has been revised: ten thousand has been increased to fifty thousand, and five thousand has been increased to ten thousand. The explanation of Section 23 now defines "community service." Sub-section 29(4) of the CrPC has been excluded.
24 30 Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine. No change.
25 31 Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial. Sub section (1) is reframed but the essence is same. In subsection (2) (a) fourteen years is replaced by twenty years.
26 32 Mode of conferring powers. No change.
27 33 Powers of officers appointed. No Change
28 34 Withdrawal of powers. No Change
29 35 Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office. The words "Additional or Assistant session Judge" are excluded.
30 36 Powers of superior officers of police. No change.
31 37 Public when to assist Magistrates and police. The words "railway, canal, telegraph or" are excluded thereby scope of the provision is enlarged.
32 38 Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant. No change.
33 39 Public to give information of certain offences. No Change
34 40 Duty of officers employed in connection with the affairs of a village to make certain report. In subsection (2)(ii), instead of listing the BNS sections corresponding to IPC sections, it now specifies offenses punishable by imprisonment of ten years or more.
35 41 &41A When police may arrest without warrant. A new subsection 7 has been added: “No arrest shall be made without prior permission from an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police in cases where the offense is punishable by imprisonment of less than three years and the person is either infirm or above sixty years of age.
36 41B Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest. The words "any other person" is added are clause (c).
37 41C Designated Police Officer. Sub-sections (2) and (3) of the CrPC have been merged into (1)(b), and a provision has been made for designating a police officer not below the rank of Assistant Sub-Inspector for this purpose.
38 41D Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation. No change.
39 42 Arrest on refusal to give name and residence. The words "his executing a bond with or without sureties" are replaced by "bond or bail bond,".
40 43 Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest. In subsection (1), the phrase "without unnecessary delay" has been further specified as "but within six hours from such arrest." In subsection (2), "re-arrest" has been replaced with "take him into custody.
41 44 Arrest by Magistrate. No change.
42 45 Protection of members of the Armed Forces from arrest. No change.
43 46 Arrest how made. A new subsection (3) has been added, addressing the use of handcuffs for habitual or repeat offenders or those accused of certain specified offenses mentioned in the subsection.
44 47 Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested. No change.
45 48 Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions. No change.
46 49 No unnecessary restraint. No change.
47 50 Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail. No change.
48 50A Obligation of person making arrest to inform about the arrest, etc , to relative or friend. In subsection (1), the phrase "and also to the designated police officer in the district" has been added. In subsection (3), the words "may be prescribed in this behalf by" have been replaced with "may, by rules, provide."
49 51 Search of arrested person. No Change except the word "whenever" is excluded from clause (ii) of subsection (1).
50 52 Power to seize offensive weapons. The words "immediately after the arrest is made" are added.
51 53 Examination of accused by medical practitioner at the request of police officer. In subsection (1), the phrase "not below the rank of sub-inspector" has been removed. A new subsection (3) has been introduced, requiring medical practitioners to forward examination reports to the investigator without delay. In the explanation (b), "defined in clause (h) of Section 2 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (102 of 1956)" has been replaced with "recognized under the National Medical Commission Act, 2019 (30 of 2019)," and "the National Medical Register" has been added as an alternative to the State Medical Register.
52 53A Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner. The words "police officer not below the rank of Sub- Inspector" are replaced by "any police officer".
53 54 Examination of arrested person by medical officer. A new proviso has been added to subsection (1), stating that an additional examination may be conducted if deemed necessary by the medical practitioner.
54 54A Identification of person arrested. The second proviso has been excluded as its content is already addressed in the first proviso, which now includes the requirement that "the identification process shall be recorded by any audio-video electronic means.
55 55 Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant. No change.
56 55A Health and safety of arrested person. No change.
57 56 Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station. No change.
58 57 Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty- four hours. No change except the words "whether having jurisdiction or not" are added.
59 58 Police to report apprehensions. No change.
60 59 Discharge of person apprehended. "Bail" is replaced with "bail bond".
61 60 Power, on escape, to pursue and retake. No change.
62 60A Arrest to be made strictly according to the Sanhita. No change.
63 61 Form of summons. A new clause (ii) has been added, stating that communications must be "in an encrypted or any other form of electronic communication and shall bear the image of the seal of the Court or a digital signature."
64 62 Summons how served. Two new provisos regarding electronic communication have been added under subsections (1) and (2). Additionally, the word "personally" has been included in subsection (3).
65 63 Service of summons on corporate bodies, firms, and societies. In subsection (1), the addition of 'Director' and 'Manager' is made. A new subsection (2) addresses the service of summons on any partner of a firm or other association of individuals."
66 64 Service when persons summoned cannot be found. The word “male” is excluded to make the provision gender neutral.
67 65 Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided. No change.
68 66 Service on Government servant. No change.
69 67 Service of summons outside local limits. No change.
70 68 Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present. According to the recently added subsection (3), the validity of serving summons through electronic communication is established, and it is required to maintain an attested copy of the summons as evidence of the service.
71 69 Service of summons on witness by post. Subsection (1) now includes the phrase "by electronic communication or," indicating that summons can be served through electronic means. Subsection (2) has been amended to state that proof of delivery of summons through electronic communication, as described in subsection (3) of section 70, must be provided and deemed satisfactory by the Court.
72 70 Form of warrant of arrest and duration. No change.
73 71 Power to direct security to be taken. No change.
74 72 Warrants to whom directed. No change.
75 73 Warrant may be directed to any person. No change.
76 74 Warrant directed to police officer. No change.
77 75 Notification of substance of warrant. No change.
78 76 Person arrested to be brought before court without delay. No change.
79 77 Where warrant may be executed. No change.
80 78 Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction. No change.
81 79 Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction. No change.
82 80 Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued. A new subsection (2) has been introduced, which pertains to the requirement of providing information to the designated police officer of the district where the arrested person resides.
83 81 Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought. The word "bail" is replaced by "bail bond".
84 82 Proclamation for person absconding. Subsection (4) now specifies that punishments related to corresponding BNS sections will replace IPC sections. It also mentions that offences that carry a punishment of ten years or more imprisonment, etc., are included.
85 83 Attachment of property of person absconding. The words "of property " is added in clause (b) of subsection (1).
86 - Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person. Newly added.
87 84 Claims and objections to attachment. No change.
88 85 Release, sale and restoration of attached property. No change.
89 86 Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property. No change.
90 87 Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons. No change.
91 88 Power to take bond or bail bond for appearance. The heading now specifies the addition of the words "or bail bond." Additionally, the phrase "bond with or without sureties" has been replaced with "bond or bail bond."
92 89 Arrest on breach of bond or bail bond for appearance. The words "or bail bond" are added.
93 90 Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summonses and warrants of arrest. No change.
94 91 Summons to produce document or other thing. In relation to document production, the phrase "electronic communication, including communication devices that may contain digital evidence" has been inserted, and the phrase "either in physical or electronic format, necessitate" is used in connection with summoning an individual in possession of a document. In subsection (3)(a), the relevant sections of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 have been substituted with sections of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, with the exclusion of the term "telegram."
95 92 Procedure as to letters. "telegram” and “or telegraph” words are excluded.
96 93 When search-warrant may be issued. The words “or telegraph” are excluded.
97 94 Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc. In subsection (2)(a), the Metal Token Act, 1889 (1 of 1889) is substituted with the Coinage Act, 2011 (11 of 2011). The sections of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 replace the corresponding sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
98 95 Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for the same. BNS sections replace corresponding IPC Sections.
99 96 Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture. No change.
100 97 Search for persons wrongfully confined. No change.
101 98 Power to compel restoration of abducted females. The words "under the age of eighteen years" and “husband” are excluded.
102 99 Direction, etc, of search- warrants. No change.
103 100 Persons in charge of closed place to allow search. In subsection (8) BNS sections replaces corresponding IPC sections.
104 101 Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction. No change.
105 - Recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means. The act of searching a location or seizing property, objects, or items under this Chapter or under section 185, which includes the compilation of a list of all the seized items during the search and seizure process, as well as the signing of that list by witnesses, shall be documented using audio-video electronic methods, preferably a mobile phone. The police officer conducting the search must promptly submit this recording to the appropriate authorities such as the District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate, or First-Class Judicial Magistrate.
106 102 Power of police officer to seize certain property. No change.
107 - Attachment, forfeiture or restoration of property. Newly added.
108 103 Magistrate may direct search in his presence. No change.
109 104 Power to impound document, etc , produced. No change.
110 105 Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes. No change.
111 105A Definitions. No change.
112 166A Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India. No change except the words "Notwithstanding anything contained in this code" are excluded.
113 166B Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for investigation in India. No change except the words "or such Metropolitan Magistrate" are excluded.
114 105B Assistance in securing transfer of persons. No change except the words "Notwithstanding anything contained in this code" are excluded.
115 105C Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property. No change.
116 105D Identifying unlawfully acquired property. No change.
117 105E Seizure or attachment of property. No change.
118 105F Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter. No change.
119 105G Notice of forfeiture of property. No change.
120 105H Forfeiture of property in certain cases. In subsection (4),"the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) replaces "the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)".
121 105I Fine in lieu of forfeiture. No change.
122 105J Certain transfers to be null and void. No change.
123 105K Procedure in respect of letter of request. No change.
124 105L Application of this Chapter. No change.
125 106 Security for keeping the peace on conviction. No change.
126 107 Security for keeping the peace in other cases. No change.
127 108 Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating seditious matters. BNS sections replace corresponding IPC sections.
128 109 Security for good behaviour from suspected persons. No change.
129 110 Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders. The corresponding IPC sections are substituted by BNS sections. Subsection (f) (i) includes newly added clauses (e) of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 (22 of 1955), and (g) of The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (34 of 2006). "Bond with sureties" is now replaced with "bail bond."
130 111 Order to be made. The words "after considering the sufficiency and fitness of sureties" are added.
131 112 Procedure in respect of person present in Court. No change.
132 113 Summons or warrant in case of person not so present. No change.
133 114 Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant. No change.
134 115 Power to dispense with personal attendance. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
135 116 Inquiry as to truth of information. The words "with or without sureties" are excluded "or bail bond" is added.
136 117 Order to give security. No Change
137 118 Discharge of person informed against. No change.
138 119 Commencement of period for which security is required. No change.
139 120 Contents of bond. "or bail bond" is added.
140 121 Power to reject sureties. “bond” is replaced by “bail bond”.
141 122 Imprisonment in default of security. The words "with or without sureties" and "Assistant Sessions Judge" are excluded. "or bail bond" is added.
142 123 Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security. No change.
143 124 Security for unexpired period of bond. "or bail bond" is added.
144 125 Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents. "minor" is replaced by "child".
145 126 Procedure. In subsection (1), clause (d) is added. In subsection (2), pleader is replaced by "advocate".
146 127 Alteration in allowance. No change.
147 128 Enforcement of order of maintenance. No change.
148 129 Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force. No change.
149 130 Use of armed forces to disperse assembly. In sub-section (1), the phrase "any such assembly" is substituted with "any assembly referred to in sub-section (1) of section 148," and the term "Executive Magistrate of the highest rank" is replaced with "District Magistrate or any other Executive Magistrate authorized by him". In sub-section (2), the term "Magistrate" is substituted with "Executive Magistrate".
150 131 Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly. No change.
151 132 Protection against prosecution for acts done under sections 148, 149 and 150. The word "military" is replaced by "army".
152 133 Conditional order for removal of nuisance. No change.
153 134 Service or notification of order. No change.
154 135 Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause. The words "and appearance or hearing through audio-video conferencing may also be allowed." are included in clause (b).
155 136 Penalty for failure to comply with section 154. The phrase "such person" is substituted with "person against whom an order is made under section 154" and the relevant IPC section is replaced with the corresponding BNS section.
156 137 Procedure where existence of public right is denied. No change.
157 138 Procedure where person against whom order is made under section 152 appears to show cause. New proviso regarding completion of proceedings is added thereby a timeline is stipulated for the purpose.
158 139 Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert. No change.
159 140 Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc. No change.
160 141 Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience. No change.
161 142 Injunction pending inquiry. No change.
162 143 Magistrate may prohibit repetition or continuance of public nuisance. The words "or Deputy Commissioner of Police" are added.
163 144 Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger. No change.
164 145 Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace. No change.
165 146 Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver. No change.
166 147 Dispute concerning right of use of land or water. The phrase "For the purposes of this sub-section" is included in the Explanation. The term "pleader" is substituted with "advocate".
167 148 Local inquiry. The word “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
168 149 Police to prevent cognizable offences. No change.
169 150 Information of design to commit cognizable offences. No change.
170 151 Arrest to prevent the commission of cognizable offences. No change.
171 152 Prevention of injury to public property. No change.
172 - Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police. “(1) All persons shall be bound to conform to the lawful directions of a police officer given in fulfilment of any of his duty under this Chapter. (2) A police officer may detain or remove any person resisting, refusing, ignoring or disregarding to conform to any direction given by him under sub-section (1) and may either take such person before a Magistrate or, in petty cases, release him as soon as possible within a period of twenty-four hours.”
173 154 Information in cognizable cases. The scope of filing an FIR is expanded by including the phrase "irrespective of the area where the offence is committed". This concept is commonly referred to as 'zero FIR'. To make it more contemporary, the phrase "by electronic communication" is added. This addition is known as eFIR. A new subsection (3) is introduced, which involves a preliminary inquiry to determine if there is a prima facie case and proceed with the investigation for cognizable offences punishable for three to seven years. Additionally, in subsection (4), the words "failing which such aggrieved person may make an application to the Magistrate" are included.
174 155 Information as to non- cognizable cases and investigation of such cases. An additional provision is made in subsection (1) by including clause (ii) which mandates the regular submission of the daily diary report of non-cognizable cases to the Magistrate every two weeks.
175 156 Police officer's power to investigate cognizable case. An amendment has been made to subsection (1) by introducing a new proviso. A new subsection (4) has been added to ensure the protection of public servants from unnecessary harassment while carrying out their official duties. Additionally, subsection (3) has been modified in accordance with subsection (4) of section 173.
176 157 Procedure for investigation. Subsection (1) has been amended to include audio-video electronic means in clause (b). Subsection (2) now includes the requirement to forward the daily diary report fortnightly to the Magistrate. A new subsection (3) has been introduced, which mandates the presence of forensic experts at the crime scene for offenses punishable by seven years or more.
177 158 Report how submitted. No change.
178 159 Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry. No change.
179 160 Police officer's power to require attendance of witnesses. The first proviso undergoes two changes - the age limit of "sixty-five years" is revised to "sixty years" and the inclusion of "or a person with acute illness". Additionally, a new proviso is introduced, resulting in an expansion of the provision's coverage.
180 161 Examination of witnesses by police. No change.
181 162 Statements to police and use thereof. The section heading has been amended, with the BSA sections replacing the corresponding sections of the Indian Evidence Act.
182 163 No inducement to be offered. No change.
183 164 Recording of confessions and statements. The first proviso added to Section 183(6)(a) specifies that, whenever possible, statements should be recorded by a female Magistrate. Similarly, a second proviso has been added to Section 183(6)(a) which mandates the recording of a witness's statement by a Magistrate in cases involving offenses punishable by imprisonment for ten years or more, imprisonment for life, or death. Additionally, the fourth proviso to Section 183(6)(a) allows for the recording of statements from individuals who are temporarily or permanently mentally or physically disabled using audio-video electronic methods.
184 164A Medical examination of the victim of rape. The requirement for medical practitioners to promptly forward reports to the investigating officer has been modified, with the timeframe for doing so now set at within a period of seven days.
185 165 Search by police officer. A recent amendment to Section 185(2) now requires the recording of searches conducted through audio, video, or electronic methods. Additionally, according to Subsection (5) of 185 of BNSS, the copies of these records must be sent to the Magistrate immediately, but no later than 48 hours.
186 166 When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search- warrant. No change.
187 167 Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours. An addition to Subsection (2) of Section 187 of BNSS stipulates that the Magistrate assigned to a case may, regardless of their jurisdiction to try it, decide whether the accused person should be detained. The Magistrate will consider factors such as whether the accused is currently out on bail or if their bail has been revoked. They have the authority to grant multiple periods of detention, not exceeding a total of fifteen days, during the initial forty days or sixty days out of the total detention period of sixty days or ninety days, as specified in Subsection (3).
188 168 Report of investigation by subordinate police officer. No change.
189 169 Release of accused when evidence deficient. The words "with or without sureties" are excluded and "or bail bond" are added.
190 170 Cases to be sent to Magistrate, when evidence is sufficient. New proviso is added to subsection (1) regarding taking security from accused not in custody before the magistrate and mandate the Magistrate to accept the same.
191 171 Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be subjected to restraint. No change.
192 172 Diary of proceedings in investigation. No change.
193 173 Report of police officer on completion of investigation. Section 193(2) expands the requirement to complete the investigation within two months to include offenses under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act and offenses of rape and gang rape. Additionally, reports to the Magistrate can now be sent electronically, according to Section 193(3)(i) of the BNSS. A new clause (i) has been added to subsection 193(3), which states that the report must also include information about the custody of electronic devices. Section 193(3)(ii) requires the police officer to provide updates on the progress of the investigation to the informant or victim within 90 days, using any means of communication including electronic. A newly added subsection (8) mandates that the investigating police officer must submit copies of the police report to the accused, with electronic communication being authorized for this purpose. Lastly, the new proviso to subsection (6) allows for further investigation during the trial, with the permission of the Court.
194 174 Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc. In subsection (2), the requirement to send the report to the DM and SDM "forthwith" has been revised to send it "within twenty-four hours". Additionally, the term "man" has been replaced with "person".
195 175 Power to summon persons. According to the amendment to Subsection (1) of 195, individuals who are male and under fifteen years old, or over sixty years old, and also women, mentally or physically disabled individuals, or those suffering from acute illness, are not obliged to appear at a location other than their place of residence. However, they may choose to voluntarily visit the police station if they wish.
196 176 Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death The words "Judicial Magistrate" are replaced by "Magistrate", and Metropolitan Magistrate is excluded.
197 177 Ordinary place of inquiry and trial. No change.
198 178 Place of inquiry or trial. No change.
199 179 Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues. No change.
200 180 Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence No change.
201 181 Place of trial in case of certain offences. The definition of a Thug does not include the characteristics of being a thug or committing murder as a thug, and the punishment for such actions is not included in the BNS.
202 182 Offences committed by means of electronic communications, letters, etc. The words "electronic communications" added. BNS sections replace corresponding IPC sections.
203 183 Offence committed on journey or voyage. No change.
204 184 Place of trial for offences triable together. No change.
205 185 Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions. No change.
206 186 High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place. No change.
207 187 Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction. The words "with or without sureties" are replaced by "or bail bond".
208 188 Offence committed outside India. The words "or where the offence is registered in India" are added.
209 189 Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India. The words "either in physical form or in electronic form" are added.
210 190 Cognizance of offences by Magistrates. The words "including any complaint filed by a person authorised under any special law" and "submitted in any mode including electronic mode " are added in clause (a ) and (b ) of subsection (1).
211 191 Transfer on application of the accused. No change.
212 192 Making over of cases to Magistrates. No change.
213 193 Cognizance of offences by Courts of Session. No change.
214 194 Additional Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them. No change except words "or Assistant sessions Judge" are excluded.
215 195 Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence. BNS sections replace corresponding IPC sections. The words "or of some other public servant who is authorised by the concerned public servant so to do" are added.
216 195A Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc. No change.
217 196 Prosecution for offences against the State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence. No Change
218 197 Prosecution of Judges and public servants. The BNS replaces the IPC sections and introduces a second proviso to 218(1)(b). Under this proviso, the Government must make a decision within 120 days of receiving a request for sanction. If the Government fails to make a decision within this time frame, it will be deemed that sanction has been granted by the Government. This provision aims to prevent delay tactics that may be used to assist accused public servants.
219 198 Prosecution for offences against marriage. The Word "child" replaces "minor" and "child" also replaces "person under the age of 18 years", "is an idiot, or a lunatic" is replaced by "is of unsound mind or is having intellectual disability requiring higher support needs".
220 198A Prosecution of offences under section 498A of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. No change.
221 198B Cognizance of offence No change.
222 199 Prosecution for defamation. BNS Chapters and sections replace corresponding IPC Chapters and sections. "child" replaces "under the age of eighteen years " or is of unsound mind replaces "or is having intellectual disability or is an idiot or a lunatic".
223 200 Examination of complainant. The recent amendment to Section 223(1) stipulates that the Magistrate cannot proceed with the case without providing the accused with a chance to present their side of the story. Additionally, a new sub-section, Section 223(2), states that the Magistrate cannot initiate proceedings against a public servant for any alleged offence committed in the course of their official duties, unless the public servant is given the opportunity to provide explanations regarding the incident, and a report detailing the facts and circumstances of the incident is obtained from a higher-ranking officer.
224 201 Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of the case. No change.
225 202 Postponement of issue of process. No change.
226 203 Dismissal of complaint. No change.
227 204 Issue of process. The new proviso to sub-section (1) of Section 227 provides that summons or warrant may also be issued through electronic means.
228 205 Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
229 206 Special summons in cases of petty offence. This section substitutes the term "pleader" with "advocate." It also increases the threshold amount for defining a "petty offence" from one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees. Furthermore, the monetary limit for fines mentioned in summons is raised from one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees. Lastly, the section replaces the reference to "the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 (59 of 1939)" with "the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (59 of 1988)."
230 207 Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents. According to this section, the accused must receive the necessary documents at no cost and without any delay. The documents should be provided within 14 days from the date of the accused's production or appearance. If the victim is represented by an advocate, they should also receive the documents. It is worth noting that providing the documents in electronic form will be considered as sufficient compliance.
231 208 Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session. Last proviso states that supply of documents to accused in electronic form shall be considered as duly furnished. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
232 209 Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it. Two additional conditions are introduced in this section. The first condition imposes a time limit for the completion of proceedings. It states that the proceedings must be concluded within ninety days from the date of taking cognizance. However, the Magistrate can extend this period for up to one hundred eighty days if they have valid reasons which must be recorded in writing.   The second condition requires that any application filed before the Magistrate by the accused, the victim, or any person authorized by them in a case that is triable by the Court of Session, must be forwarded to the Court of Session along with the committal of the case.
233 210 Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation in respect of the same offence. No change.
234 211 Contents of charge. No change.
235 212 Particulars as to time, place and person. No change.
236 213 When manner of committing offence must be stated. No change.
237 214 Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable. No change.
238 215 Effect of errors. No change.
239 216 Court may alter charge. No change.
240 217 Recall of witnesses when charge altered. No change.
241 218 Separate charges for distinct offences. No change.
242 219 Offences of same kind within year may be charged together. No change.
243 220 Trial for more than one offence. In Subsection 243(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, the reorganization of illustrations (b) and (c) is highlighted. The original illustrations, which mentioned "adultery" and "enticing away," have been revised in the rephrased illustration (b) to include the offence of "rape."
244 221 Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed. No change.
245 222 When offence proved included in offence charged. No change.
246 223 What persons may be charged jointly. No change.
247 224 Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges. No change.
248 225 Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor. No change.
249 226 Opening case for prosecution. The words "or under any other law for the time being in force" are added.
250 227 Discharge. In the revised subsection (1), it is stated that the accused now has the option to file for discharge within sixty days from the beginning of the case as specified in Section 232.
251 228 Framing of charge. The time limit for framing the charge is added as being within a period of sixty days from the date of first hearing. This section also allows charges to be read and explained, to the accused “present either physically or through audio- video electronic means.”
252 229 Conviction on plea of guilty. No change.
253 230 Date for prosecution evidence. No change.
254 231 Evidence for prosecution. An amendment to Section 254 of BNSS now allows for the recording of witness testimony using audio-video electronic methods. Additionally, a new subsection (2) has been included, allowing for the deposition of evidence from police officers and public servants to be taken through audio-video electronic means.
255 232 Acquittal. No change.
256 233 Entering upon defence. No change.
257 234 Arguments. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
258 235 Judgment of acquittal or conviction. Following the presentation of arguments and consideration of legal points, the Judge must issue a judgement in a timely manner as stipulated in subsection (1). This means that the judgement should ideally be given within thirty days from the conclusion of arguments. However, the deadline can be extended up to forty-five days if there are valid reasons for the delay, which must be documented in writing.
259 236 Previous conviction. No change.
260 237 Procedure in cases instituted under sib-section 2 of section 222. Upper limit of compensation amount increased from one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees in sub-section (4).
261 238 Compliance with section 230 No change.
262 239 When accused shall be discharged. Subsection 262(1) specifies that the accused must apply for discharge within sixty days from the date of receiving copies of relevant documents as outlined in section 230. Additionally, subsection (2) allows for the examination of the accused through audio-video electronic means.
263 240 Framing of charge. The accused must request for their discharge within a span of sixty days from the initial hearing of the charge.
264 241 Conviction on plea of guilty. No change.
265 242 Evidence for prosecution. According to the recent amendment to subsection 265(3) of the BNSS, witnesses can have their testimony recorded through audio-video electronic means at a specific location determined by the State Government and to be communicated accordingly.
266 243 Evidence for defence. According to the latest amendment to Section 266(2), witnesses may now be examined through audio-video electronic methods at a location determined by the State Government and communicated accordingly.
267 244 Evidence for prosecution. No change.
268 245 When accused shall be discharged. No change.
269 246 Procedure where accused is not discharged. In case the prosecution witnesses mentioned in subsections (5) and (6) are unable to be present for cross-examination, as stated in the newly added subsection (7), it will be considered as if the witness has not been examined due to unavailability. The Magistrate can then proceed with further proceedings.
270 247 Evidence for defence. No change.
271 248 Acquittal or conviction. No change.
272 249 Absence of complainant. After giving the complainant a thirty-day notice to appear, the Magistrate may proceed with further proceedings if the prosecution witnesses mentioned in subsections (5) and (6) are unable to be present for cross-examination, as stated in the newly added subsection (7).
273 250 Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause. The corresponding IPC sections have been replaced by the BNS sections. Additionally, the compensation amount mentioned in sub section (6) has been increased from "one hundred rupees" to "two thousand rupees".
274 251 Substance of accusation to be stated. Under the revised Section 274, if the Magistrate determines that the accusation lacks merit, he must release the accused and provide written reasons for doing so. This release will result in the accused being discharged from the case.
275 252 Conviction on plea of guilty. No change.
276 253 Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
277 254 Procedure when not convicted. No change.
278 255 Acquittal or conviction. No change.
279 256 Non-appearance or death of complainant. The words "after giving thirty days' time to the complainant to be present" are added. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
280 257 Withdrawal of complaint. No change.
281 258 Power to stop proceedings in certain cases. No change.
282 259 Power of Court to convert summons-cases into warrant- cases. No change.
283 260 Power to try summarily. Under the amended section, BNS takes the place of the corresponding IPC sections. Subsection (2) has been newly added and includes a provision for the trial of offenses punishable with a maximum of three years in a summary manner. However, it is important to note that no appeal shall be allowed against the decision of a Magistrate to try a case in a summary manner under this subsection.
284 261 Summary trial by Magistrate of the second class. No change.
285 262 Procedure for summary trials. No change.
286 263 Record in summary trials. No change.
287 264 Judgment in cases tried summarily. No change.
288 265 Language of record and judgment. No change.
289 265A Application of the Chapter. "Below the age of fourteen years" excluded from 289(1)(b), thereby expanding the scope.
290 265B Application for plea bargaining. Under the amended section, a time limit of thirty days from the date of framing of charge is introduced for plea bargaining in subsection (1). Additionally, subsection 290 (4) (a) now includes a provision stating that the accused must work out a mutually satisfactory disposition of the case within a period not exceeding sixty days. The phrase "as the case may be" has been removed.
291 265C Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
292 265D Report of the mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted before the Court. No change.
293 265E Disposal of the case. Under Section 293, clauses (c) and (d), the court is now required to be more lenient towards first-time offenders who choose to engage in plea bargaining. Instead of being sentenced to half of the minimum punishment, they may now be sentenced to one-fourth. Similarly, instead of being sentenced to one-fourth, they may be sentenced to one-ninth of the minimum punishment.
294 265F Judgment of the Court. No change.
295 265G Finality of the judgment. No change.
296 265H Power of the Court in plea bargaining. No change.
297 265-I Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of imprisonment. No change.
298 265J Savings. No change.
299 265K Statements of accused not to be used. No change.
300 265L Non-application of the Chapter. No change.
301 266 Definitions. No change.
302 267 Power to require attendance of prisoners. The words “as the case may be” are excluded.
303 268 Power of State Government or Central Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 302. "or Central Government" is added in the heading and other places. "the Central Government in the cases instituted by its central agency, as the case may be" are added in subsection (2).
304 269 Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies. No change.
305 270 Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody. No change.
306 271 Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison. No change.
307 272 Language of Courts. No change.
308 273 Evidence to be taken in presence of accused. The words "through audio-video electronic means at the designated place to be notified by the State Government" are added.
309 274 Record in summons-cases and inquiries. No change.
310 275 Record in warrant-cases. No change.
311 276 Record in trial before Court of Session. No change.
312 277 Language of record of evidence. No change.
313 278 Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed. The word "pleader" is replaced by "advocate" in heading and other places.
314 279 Interpretation of evidence to accused or his pleader. No Change
315 280 Remarks respecting demeanour of witness. No change.
316 281 Record of examination of accused. The term "a Metropolitan Magistrate" is replaced with "any Magistrate, or by a Court of Session," and the sections specifically referring to a metropolitan Magistrate are removed. Additionally, a new proviso is inserted into section 316(4), stating that if the accused is in custody and is examined through electronic communication, their signature must be obtained within seventy-two hours of the examination.
317 282 Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully. No change.
318 283 Record in High Court. No change.
319 284 When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
320 285 Commission to whom to be issued. “Chief Metropolitan Magistrate" excluded.
321 286 Execution of commissions. "Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or Chief Judicial Magistrate, or such Metropolitan or Judicial Magistrate" is replaced by "Chief Judicial Magistrate or such Magistrate".
322 287 Parties may examine witnesses. The word “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”. “as the case may be” excluded.
323 288 Return of commission. BSA sections replace corresponding Indian Evidence Act sections.
324 289 Adjournment of proceeding. No change.
325 290 Execution of foreign commissions. No change.
326 291 Deposition of medical witness. No change.
327 291A Identification report of Magistrate. BSA sections replace corresponding Indian Evidence Act sections.
328 292 Evidence of officers of the Mint. BSA sections replace corresponding Indian Evidence Act sections. “any such”, “of the mint officer” and “as the case may be” are excluded.
329 293 Reports of certain Government scientific experts. In 329(4) (g) the words "State Government or, and or certified "are added and, “Government” excluded.
330 294 No formal proof of certain documents. Two additional conditions are introduced. The first condition sets a time limit of thirty days for the acceptance or denial of the authenticity of a document, with the option for the Court to extend this time limit as specified in the first condition. The second condition states that experts should only be called upon if their testimony is disputed by any parties during the trial. Furthermore, the phrase "may be prescribed by the State Government" is replaced with "the State Government may, by rules, provide" in order to clarify the authority of the State Government in establishing regulations.
331 295 Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants. No change.
332 296 Evidence of formal character on affidavit. No change.
333 297 Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn. No change.
334 298 Previous conviction or acquittal how proved. No change.
335 299 Record of evidence in absence of accused. No change.
336 - Evidence of public servants, experts, police officers in certain cases. An additional section is included, stating that in certain cases, the testimony of public servants, experts, and police officers can be obtained from their successor officers.
337 300 Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence. No change.
338 301 Appearance by Public Prosecutors. "Pleader" is replaced by "Advocate".
339 302 Permission to conduct prosecution. No Change
340 303 Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended. No Change
341 304 Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases. No Change
342 305 Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused. The words "duly authorised by him" are added in subsection (5).
343 306 Tender of pardon to accomplice. "or a Metropolitan magistrate" excluded and "the criminal law amendment Act 1952" replaced by "any other law for the time being in force".
344 307 Power to direct tender of pardon. No change.
345 308 Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon. No change.
346 309 Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings. The IPC sections are substituted by the BNS sections, with the "Magistrate" being changed to "Court". Additionally, an amendment is made to the last proviso of subsection (2) by adding clause (b), which allows for a maximum of two adjournments by the Court after considering objections from the other party and recording the reasons in writing when the circumstances are beyond the control of a party. Furthermore, the term "pleader" is replaced with "advocate".
347 310 Local inspection. No change.
348 311 Power to summon material witness, or examine person present. No change.
349 311A Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting. Additional provisions have been incorporated, including the inclusion of "finger impressions" and "voice samples". A new proviso has been added, allowing the Court to order a person, without arrest, to provide such a specimen or sample, with the reasons for such order being recorded in writing.
350 312 Expenses of complainants and witnesses. No change.
351 313 Power to examine the accused. No change.
352 314 Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments. No change.
353 315 Accused person to be competent witness. No change.
354 316 No influence to be used to induce disclosure. No change.
355 317 Provision for inquiries and trial being held in the absence of accused in certain cases. The term "pleader" has been substituted with "advocate". An additional clarification has been included, stating that for the purposes of this section, the personal presence of the accused can also be accomplished through audio-video electronic means.
356 - Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender. A recently incorporated section allows for the inquiry, trial, or judgment of a proclaimed offender in their absence, a notable provision within the law.
357 318 Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings. No change.
358 319 Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence. No change.
359 320 Compounding of offences. The table of compoundable offences now uses BNS sections instead of the corresponding IPC sections. Section 497 IPC is not included in BNS and is thus excluded from the table. All other sections remain unchanged.
360 321 Withdrawal from prosecution. The phrase "by the Delhi Special Police Establishment under the Delhi Special Establishment Act 1946 (25 of 1946)" has been revised to "under any Central Act." Additionally, a new provision has been introduced stating that the court cannot grant permission for withdrawal without providing the victim with an opportunity to be heard in the matter.
361 322 Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of. No change.
362 323 Procedure when, after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed. No change.
363 324 Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or property. No change.
364 325 Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe. No change.
365 326 Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another. No change.
366 327 Court to be open. No change.
367 328 Procedure in case of accused being person of unsound mind. The term “lunatic” in the heading is replaced with “Person with Impaired Mental Health.” Subsection (2) specifies that the psychologist must be from a Government hospital or Government medical college. Additionally, “mental retardation” is updated to “intellectual disability” throughout the text.
368 329 Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court. The term “nearest medical college” is now specified as “Government medical college.” Additionally, “mental retardation” has been replaced with “intellectual disability.”
369 330 Release of person with mental illness pending investigation or trial. “Mental retardation” is replaced by “intellectual disability,” and “public mental health establishment” replaces “lunatic asylum.”
370 331 Resumption of inquiry or trial. No change.
371 332 Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court. No change.
372 333 When accused appears to have been of sound mind. No change.
373 334 Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind. No change.
374 335 Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness of mind to be detained in safe custody. “Public mental health establishment” replaces “lunatic asylum,” and “Mental Health Care Act, 2017 (10 of 2017)” replaces “Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 (4 of 1912).”
375 336 Power of State Government to empower officer-in-charge to discharge. No change.
376 337 Procedure where prisoner of unsound mind is reported capable of making his defence. “Person of unsound mind” replaces “lunatic,” and “lunatic asylum, the visitors of such asylum or any two of them” is replaced by “public mental health establishment, the Mental Health Review Board constituted under the Mental Health Care Act, 2017 (10 of 2017).
377 338 Procedure where person of unsound mind detained is declared fit to be released. The words “person of unsound mind” replace “lunatic” in the heading. “Public mental health establishment” replaces “lunatic asylum.”
378 339 Delivery of person of unsound mind to care of relative or friend. The words "person of unsound mind" replaces "lunatic" in the heading.
379 340 Procedure in cases mentioned in section 215. No change.
380 341 Appeal. No change.
381 342 Power to order costs. No change.
382 343 Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance. No change.
383 344 Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence. The fine increased to "one thousand rupees" from "five hundred rupees”.
384 345 Procedure in certain cases of contempt. "BNS sections" replace "IPC sections." The fine is increased to "one thousand rupees" from "two hundred rupees."
385 346 Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 384. No change.
386 347 When Registrar or Sub- Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court. No change.
387 348 Discharge of offender on submission of apology. No change.
388 349 Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document. No change.
389 350 Summary procedure for punishment for non- attendance by a witness in obedience to summons. The fine increased to "five hundred rupees" from " One hundred rupees".
390 351 Appeals from convictions under sections 383, 384, 388 and 389. No change.
391 352 Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves. No change.
392 353 Judgment. “Pleadings” is replaced by “advocates.” A new proviso is added to subsection (4), which stipulates that the Court shall, as far as practicable, upload a copy of the judgment on its portal within a period of seven days from the date of judgment. Additionally, the words “either in person or through audio-video electronic means” are added to subsection (5).
393 354 Language and contents of judgment. No change.
394 356 Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender. Reframing of phrases without any change in essence.
395 357 Order to pay compensation. No change.
396 357A & 357B Victim compensation scheme. Compensation to be in addition to fine under section 65, section 70 and sub-  section (1) of section 124 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 [under section 326A or section 376D of Indian Penal Code]. No change.
397 357C Treatment of victims. The corresponding sections of the Indian Penal Code are replaced by sections of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, such as under sections 4, 6, 8, or section 10.
398 - Witness protection scheme. “Every State Government shall prepare and notify a Witness Protection Scheme for the State with a view to ensure protection of the witnesses”.
399 358 Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested. No change.
400 359 Order to pay costs in non- cognizable cases. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
401 360 Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition. The words "with or without sureties" are excluded “or bail bond" are added. ‘the Children Act 1960 (60 of 1960)" is replaced by "The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015".
402 361 Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases. ‘The Children Act 1960 (60 of 1960)" is replaced by "The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015".
403 362 Court not to alter judgment. No change.
404 363 Copy of judgment to be given to the accused and other persons. New Proviso added to subsection (5), which provides further that the Court may, on an application made on this behalf by the Prosecuting Officer, provide to the Government, free of cost, a certified copy of such judgement, order, deposition, or record.
405 364 Judgment when to be translated The words "the accused so required" replaced by "if either party so requires".
406 365 Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate. No change.
407 366 Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation. The words "shall be" replaced by "forthwith".
408 367 Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken. No change.
409 368 Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction. No change.
410 369 Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges. No change.
411 370 Procedure in case of difference of opinion. No change.
412 371 Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation. The words "either physically, or through electronic means" is added.
413 372 No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided. No change.
414 373 Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping peace or good behaviour. No change.
415 374 Appeals from convictions. "a Metropolitan Magistrate or Assistant Sessions Judge" excluded.
416 375 No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty. "Metropolitan Magistrate" excluded.
417 376 No appeal in petty cases. "Metropolitan Magistrate" excluded. Imprisonment limit is reduced from six months to three months.
418 377 Appeal by the State Government against sentence. The words "the Delhi Special Police Establishment, constituted under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 (25 of 1946), or by any other" are excluded.
419 378 Appeal in case of acquittal. No Change
420 379 Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases. No change.
421 380 Special right of appeal in certain cases. The word "contained" excluded.
422 381 Appeal to Court of Session how heard. The word "Assistant Session Judge" excluded.
423 382 Petition of appeal. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
424 383 Procedure when appellant in jail. No change.
425 384 Summary dismissal of appeal. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
426 385 Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily. No Change
427 386 Powers of the Appellate Court. No Change
428 387 Judgments of Subordinate Appellate Court. No change.
429 388 Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court. No change.
430 389 Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail. "or bail bond" added.
431 390 Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal No change.
432 391 Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
433 392 Procedure where Judges of Court of Appeal are equally divided. No change.
434 393 Finality of judgments and orders on appeal. No change.
435 394 Abatement of appeals. No change.
436 395 Reference to High Court. "Metropolitan Magistrate" and “or him” excluded.
437 396 Disposal of case according to decision of High Court. No change.
438 397 Calling for records to exercise powers of revision. The words "or bail bond " added and "bail" excluded.
439 398 Power to order inquiry. No change.
440 399 Sessions Judge's powers of revision. No change.
441 400 Power of Additional Sessions Judge. No change.
442 401 High Court's powers of revision. "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
443 402 Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases. No change.
444 403 Option of Court to hear parties. “pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
445 405 High Court's order to be certified to lower Court. No change.
446 406 Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals. "not exceeding one thousand rupees" is excluded.
447 407 Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals. In subsection (4) "or bail bond" is added and "with or without sureties" excluded. From the subsection (7) "not exceeding one thousand rupees" is excluded.
448 408 Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals. The words "one thousand rupees" are replaced by “sum”, whereas "two hundred and fifty rupees" is replaced by “sum not exceeding ten thousand rupees".
449 409 Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Session Judge. From subsection (1) "any Assistant Sessions Judge or" are excluded.
450 410 Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrate. No change.
451 411 Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates. No change.
452 412 Reasons to be recorded. No change.
453 413 Execution of order passed under section 409. No change.
454 414 Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court. No change.
455 415 Commutation of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court. No change.
456 416 Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman. The heading "Commutation of sentence of death on pregnant woman" replaces the heading "Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman".
457 417 Power to appoint place of imprisonment. The words "or section 23 of the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 (5 of 1920), as the case may be;" excluded.
458 418 Execution of sentence of imprisonment. No change.
459 419 Direction of warrant for execution. No change.
460 420 Warrant with whom to be lodged. No change.
461 421 Warrant for levy of fine. The words, "but no such payment has been made" added in subsection (1).
462 422 Effect of such warrant. No change.
463 423 Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Sanhita does not extend. No change.
464 424 Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment. The words "with or without sureties" are excluded" and or bail bond" are added.
465 425 Who may issue warrant. No change.
466 426 Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect. No change.
467 427 Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence. No change.
468 428 Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of imprisonment. No change.
469 429 Saving. No change.
470 430 Return of warrant on execution of sentence. No change.
471 431 Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine. No change.
472 - Mercy Petition in death sentence cases. Newly added section.
473 432 Power to suspend or remit sentences. In sub-section (5) the word “male” is excluded.
474 433 Power to commute sentence. Five new clauses are added regarding commutation of sentence and four clauses are excluded from 433 CrPC.
475 433A Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases. No change.
476 434 Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences. No change.
477 435 State Government to act after concurrence with Central Government in certain cases. The word "concurrence" replaces "consultation". The words "the Delhi Special Police Establishment constituted under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 (25 of 1946), or" are excluded.
478 436 In what cases bail to be taken. The word “bail” is replaced by "or bail bond". “without sureties” is excluded. In subsection(2) “bond or”, “or bail bond” are added.
479 436A Maximum period for which an undertrial prisoner can be detained. “or life imprisonment is added." One new proviso is added to subsection (1), which states about the bail of first-time offenders. Two new subsections (2) and (3) are added, which are about bail for individuals having multiple pending investigations, inquiries or trials for more than one offence, and applications by the superintendent of jail where the accused person is detained, respectively. “bail” is added in place of “his personal bond with or without sureties," “also” is used in place of “further”.
480 437 When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence. In first proviso "is under the age of 16 years" is replaced by "child". In third proviso, "or for police custody beyond the first fifteen days" added. The words "without sureties" are excluded.
481 437A Bail to require accused to appear before next appellate Court. The words "bail bond with sureties" are replaced by "bond or bail bond".
482 438 Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest. No change.
483 439 Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail. No change.
484 440 Amount of bond and reduction thereof. No change.
485 441 Bond of accused and sureties. The words "bail or released on his own bond" replaced by "bond or bail bond" and “bail” is replaced by “bond or bail bond” in sub-section (1). In subsection (2) and (3), “or bail bond” is added.
486 441A Declaration by sureties. No change.
487 442 Discharge from custody. The words "bail bond" are added in subsection (1) and (2).
488 443 Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient. No change.
489 444 Discharge of sureties. No change.
490 445 Deposit instead of recognizance. The words "bond with or without sureties" are replaced by "bond or bail bond".
491 446 Procedure when bond has been forfeited. No change.
492 446A Cancellation of bond and bail bond. The words "bail bond" are added.
493 447 Procedure in case of insolvency of death of surety or when a bond is forfeited. No change.
494 448 Bond required from child. The word "minor" is replaced by "child".
495 449 Appeal from orders under section 491. No change.
496 450 Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances. No change.
497 451 Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases. In subsection (1), the words, “or the Magistrate empowered to take cognizance or commit the case for trial”, "investigation," and “or the Magistrate” are added. New subsections (2), (3), (4), and (5) are added, which stipulate the process of disposal, destruction, confiscation, or delivery of the property.
498 452 Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial. The words "investigation" and "or the Magistrate” are added, and “Court” is replaced by “case” in subsection (1). The words “or the Magistrate” is added in subsection (2).
499 453 Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused. The words "within six months from the date of such order" are added for specifying the time limit for delivery to the purchaser.
500 454 Appeal against orders under section 498 or section 499. The word “or Magistrate” is added.
501 455 Destruction of libellous and other matter. No change.
502 456 Power to restore possession of immovable property. The words "attended by" are replaced by "by use of" in subsection (1).
503 457 Procedure by police upon seizure of property. No change.
504 458 Procedure where no claimant appears within six months. The words "may be prescribed" are replaced by "as the State Government may, by rules, provide".
505 459 Power to sell perishable property. "five hundred rupees" is replaced by "less than ten thousand rupees".
506 460 Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings. No change.
507 461 Irregularities which vitiate proceedings. The words "or telegraph" are excluded.
508 462 Proceedings in wrong place. No change.
509 463 Non-compliance with provisions of section 183 or section 316. No change.
510 464 Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge. No change.
511 465 Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity. No change.
512 466 Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful. No Change
513 467 Definitions. No change.
514 468 Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period of limitation. A new explanation is added. "For the purpose of computing the period of limitation, the relevant date shall be the date of filing a complaint under section 223 or the date of recording information under section 173." “elsewhere” is excluded from subsection (1).
515 469 Commencement of the period of limitation. No change.
516 470 Exclusion of time in certain cases. No change.
517 471 Exclusion of date on which Court is closed. No change.
518 472 Continuing offence. No change.
519 473 Extension of period of limitation in certain cases. No change.
520 474 Trials before High Courts. No change.
521 475 Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-martial. The word "military" is replaced by "army".
522 476 Forms. No change.
523 477 Power of High Court to make rules. The word "prescribed" is replaced by "provided by rules made by the State Government".
524 478 Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases. No change.
525 479 Case in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested. No change.
526 480 Practicing advocate not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts. The word "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
527 481 Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property. No change.
528 482 Saving of inherent powers of High Court. No Change
529 483 Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts. In the heading words "Court of Judicial Magistrates" are replaced by "Courts". And "Courts of Session and", "the Judges and" are added. The word "such" is excluded.
530 - Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode. Newly added under heading Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode.
531 484 Repeal and savings. Proviso to subsection (2) (a) is excluded. In sub-section 2(b), the word "prescribed" is replaced at one place by "provided by rules" and at another place by the word “specified”. Proviso to subsection (2) (d) is excluded. In sub-section (3), the word “prescribed” is replaced by “specified”. The word “old” is replaced by “said” at many places in this section.
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